Tense
Tense is the form of a verb which
shows the time of an action and its degree of completeness.
They are:
PRESENT
INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) TENSE
To say:
Ø What a subject IS / HAS
|
He is a doctor
We are friends
I have
a car
He has a pen
Ø Used to show habitual action
I go
to school
He usually comes here
Ø Universal truth
The sun rises in the east
The earth revolves around the sun
How to form a sentence?
+ve S + (V1+s/es) + O
Statement
--ve S + (DO / DOES) +NOT + V1 + O
+ve DO / DOES + S + V1 + O ?
Yes / no
--ve DO / DOES + S + NOT + V1 + O ?
+ve QW + DO / DOES + S + V1 + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + DO / DOES + S + NOT + V1 + O ?
To make a question with who
+ve Who + (v1+s/es) + O ? Who comes here?
--ve Who + does + not + V1 + O ? Who
does not come here?
Form sentences sing following VERBS
Speak
fluently disturb
others make fun of
Throw
garbage tear shirt consult doctor
Look
after please make your room tidy
Face
the problem dig the
earth accept proposal
Obey
elders paint
house act in film
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Ø It
is used for an action going on at the time of speaking.
I am
studying English.
He is playing cricket.
We are running a race.
Ø It
is also used for an action that is planned or arranged for the future.
I am
going to build a new house.
My brother is
coming from Bangalore
next week.
We are planning to buy a mobile phone.
I am
going to see a film.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ (is / am / are) + (V1 + ing) + O
Statement
--ve S + (is / am / are) +NOT + (V1 + ing) + O
+ve is / am / are + S + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Yes / no
--ve is / am / are + S + NOT + (V1 + ing) + O ?
+ve QW + is / am / are + S + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + is / am / are + S + NOT + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Take tea play
cricket go to club learn lesson
Complete home work carry the bag admit mistake attend meeting
Buy vegetable boil water call
friend count money
Push door pray to god prepare coffee pay
bill
Break law drive to work browse the net park car
PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
Ø To
indicate completed activities in the immediate past
He has just gone out.
They have just arrived.
Ø Used
for an action began in the past and completed at present
(Already,
so far, as yet, yet, till now, recently)
I have not finished my work so far.
I have passed my B.A. examination this
year.
Ø To
indicate past experience
(Before,
once, twice, thrice, several times, many times, etc)
I have seen this girl somewhere
before.
They have gone to Mumbai once.
Ø Used
for an action that began in the past and continuing to present
I have lived in Delhi for 3 years.
They have not seen him since last
Monday.
Form sentences……..
+ve S
+ (has/have) + V3 + O
Statement
--ve S + (has/have) +NOT + V3+ O
+ve has/have + S + V3+ O ?
Yes / no
--ve has/have + S + NOT + V3+ O ?
+ve QW + has/have + S + V3) + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + has/have + S + NOT + V3+ O ?
Have
Used with plural subjects
I
We
You
They
Children
Boys
Has
Used with singular subjects
He
She
It
Ram
Boy
The girl
 |
Since
Used with a point of time
Morning
Monday
June
15th
august
1985
10 ‘o clock
For
Used with a period of time
10 days
3 hours
5 months
Many days
Long time
Form sentences using following VERBS
Polish shoes do up the room eat
pizza hang the cloths
to dry
Ride bicycle draw picture begin
work hire car
Invite friends jump red-light abuse others fight
with neighbours
Fly kite hide the truth know
your teacher keep wallet in pocket
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Ø It
is used for an action began in the past and still going on
I have been studying since morning.
He has been playing for two hours.
Form sentences……..
+ve S
+ (has/have) +been + (V1 + ing) + O + since / for
Statement
--ve S + (has/have) +NOT + been + (V1 + ing) + O+
since / for
+ve has/have + S + been + (V1 + ing) + O+ since
/ for ?
Yes / no
--ve has/have + S + NOT + been + (V1 + ing) + O+
since / for ?
+ve QW + has/have + S + been + (V1 + ing) + O+
since / for ?
Question word
--ve QW + has/have + S + NOT + been + (V1 + ing)
+ O+ since / for ?
I have been studying since morning.
I have not been studying since
morning.
Has he been studying since morning?
Has he not been studying since
morning?
Who has been studying since morning?
Who has not been st8udying since
morning?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Lend money get over cough turn down the invitation carry
gun
Getting good money lifting 50kg beg win
the match
Abide by promise take a shower clean garbage bunk of school
Wear latest dress make friends bask in the sun take revenge
Past
Tense
SIMPLE
PAST TENSE
It is used
for an action completed in the definite past.
It often comes with times of past.
[Yesterday, last Monday, in 1980, 10 years ago]
I went home yesterday.
I saw him last Monday.
How to form a sentence?
+ve S + V2 + O
Statement
--ve S + (Did) +NOT + V1 + O
+ve Did + S + V1 + O ?
Yes / no
--ve Did + S + NOT + V1 + O ?
+ve QW + Did + S + V1 + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + Did + S + NOT + V1 + O ?
To make a question with who
+ve Who + (V2) + O ? Who came here?
--ve Who + Did + not + V1 + O ? Who did not come here?
It is also
used to indicate past habits
I used to play football.
He used to come here.
Never + V2
I never met him.
I never take milk.
I never used to drink milk.
We never used to study together
+ve S
+ used to +v1 + O
Statement
--ve S + used + NOT + to + V1 + O
+ve Used + S + to V1 + O ?
Yes / no
--ve Used + S + NOT + to + V1 + O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Lodge complaint subscribe the TIMES break glass beat sister
Drink tea buy jacket build a home cut a tree
Draw beautiful
picture dream last night eat apple fall in pond
Fight with brother give a gift get up catch
fish
Lose money meet your opponent read story complete work
PAST
CONTINUOUS TENSE
It is used for an action going on at
sometime in the past.
We were watching T.V.
It was getting darker.
I was reading English.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ (was / were) + (V1 + ing) + O
Statement
--ve S + (was / were) +NOT + (V1 + ing) + O
+ve (was / were) + S + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Yes / no
--ve (was / were) + S + NOT + (V1 + ing) + O ?
+ve QW + (was / were) + S + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + (was / were) + S + NOT + (V1 + ing) + O ?
Was
With singular subjects
I
He
She
It
Ram
The boy
Were
With plural subjects
We
You
They
Boys
Students
Form sentences using following VERBS
Become independent contest in
election die Visit
Australia
Go Delhi spend money waste time dance well
Steal bike listen
song take test sing song
Attack terrorist carry
luggage comb hair control fire
Discuss answers fill
application hoist flag iron shirt
PAST PERFECT TENSE
This tense describes an action completed
before a certain time in the past.
I had taken my food.
They had played the match.
If two actions happened in the past,
the first action should be in the past perfect and the second should be in past
indefinite.
Past perfect
+ conjunction + simple past
We had
done the work before it
rained.
Past perfect conj Simple
past
I had written the letter when he
arrived.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ had + V3 + O
Statement
--ve S + had +NOT + V3) + O
+ve had + S + V3+ O ?
Yes / no
--ve had + S + NOT + V3+ O ?
+ve QW + had + S + V3+ O ?
Question word
--ve QW + had + S + NOT + V3+ O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Recover from fever fry
chips organise classroom print
letter
Quarrel with neighbour reduce
weight remember answer save child
Share toys try
to pass bring book light candle
Catch thief wash
utensils buy home give up smoking
Make picture ring
the bell sell car see movie
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Had +been +
v1+ing
This is used for an action that begun before a certain
time in the past and continued up to that time.
He had been driving a car for five
hours.
We had been playing since morning.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ had + been + (V1+ ing) + O + since / for
Statement
--ve S + had +NOT+been + (V1+ ing) + O + since / for
+ve had + S + (V1+ ing) + O + since / for ?
Yes / no
--ve had + S + NOT+been + (V1+ ing) + O + since
/ for ?
+ve QW + had + S + (V1+ ing) + O + since / for
?
Question word
--ve QW + had + S + NOT +been+ (V1+ ing) + O +
since / for ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Lodge complaint subscribe the TIMES break glass beat sister
Drink tea buy jacket build a home cut
a tree
Draw beautiful picture dream last night eat
apple fall in pond
Fight with brother give
a gift get
up catch fish
Lose money meet
your opponent read story complete work
Future
tense
SIMPLE
FUTURE TENSE
It is used for an action which is
still to happen.
I shall go home
We shall play match tomorrow.
Rules regarding the use of will /
shall
I
| Shall | |
|
You
He
She Will
It
They
I shall go home [simple]
I will go home [determination]
You will do this work. [Simple]
You shall do this work. [Command]
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ will / shall + V1+ O
Statement
--ve S + will / shall +NOT + V1 + O
+ve will / shall + S + V1 + O ?
Yes / no
--ve will / shall + S + NOT + V1+ O ?
+ve QW + will / shall + S + V1 + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + will / shall + S + NOT + V1 + O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Knit sweater pay money overcome
difficulties mislead
people
Shoot criminals shed tears make
a mistake split
the party
Tear a book learn English hurt
your brother withdraw
money
Abduct the child adjust money accuse him advertise
the product
Believe in god blame my friend bake
cake bark
at strange
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
It is used for an action which is
going on at sometime in the future.
I shall be playing cricket at this
time tomorrow.
They will not be studying in the
class.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ will / shall + be + (V1+ing) + O
Statement
--ve S + will / shall +NOT + be + (V1+ing) + O
+ve will / shall + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ?
Yes / no
--ve will / shall + S + NOT + be + (V1+ing) + O ?
+ve QW + will / shall + S + be + (V1+ing) + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + will / shall + S + NOT + be + (V1+ing)
+ O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Appoint teacher calculate expenses challenge enemies contest in election
Congratulate boys compel students demolish building develop medicine expel from country explode bomb earn livelihood export goods
Fulfil promises follow rules feel
jealous rusticate students
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
It is used for the completion of an
action at a certain time in the future.
I shall have done my work by then.
They will have gone there.
If there are two actions the first
action should be in future perfect and the second action should be in simple
present tense.
Future perfect + conj + simple present
We shall have gone before
he comes
Future perfect conj simple present
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ will / shall + have + V3 + O
Statement
--ve S + will / shall +NOT + have + V3 + O
+ve will / shall + S + have + V3 + O ?
Yes / no
--ve will / shall + S + NOT + have + V3 + O ?
+ve QW + will / shall + S + have + V3 + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + will / shall + S + NOT + have + V3 + O
?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Gather books handle situation increase
price interrupt meeting
Insult guest introduce friends illuminate
house immigrate to Australia
Inspire followers hamper progress imprison criminals lessen
pain
Propose the girl publish a book pardon the criminals plough
the field
Plan robbery prohibit smoking plant
saplings resign the
job
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
This tense is used for an action being
in progress over a period of time in the future.
I shall have been playing for one
hour.
He will have been drawing a picture
since morning.
Form sentences…….
+ve S
+ will / shall + have + been + (V1+ing) + O
Statement
--ve S + will / shall +NOT + have + been +
(V1+ing) + O
+ve will / shall + S + have + been + (V1+ing) +
O ?
Yes / no
--ve will / shall + S + NOT + have + been +
(V1+ing) + O ?
+ve QW + will / shall + S + have + been +
(V1+ing) + O ?
Question word
--ve QW + will / shall + S + NOT + have + been +
(V1+ing) + O ?
Form sentences using following VERBS
Reduce expense remove poverty revise
lessons
Reap crops separate
flowers support the
leader
Amuse the audience scatter litter
TENSES
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